The sciatic nerve is the longest and widest nerve in the body, running from the lower back through the buttocks and down the back of each leg. It controls the muscles of the lower leg and provides sensation to the thighs, legs, and the soles of the feet.

Although sciatica is a relatively common form of low back and leg pain, the true meaning of the term is often misunderstood. Sciatica is actually a set of symptoms – not a diagnosis for what is irritating the nerve root and causing the pain.

Sciatica occurs most frequently in people between the ages of 30 and 50 years old. Most often, it tends to develop as a result of general wear and tear on the structures of the lower spine, not as a result of injury.

What are the symptoms of sciatica?

The most common symptom associated with sciatica is pain that radiates along the path of the sciatic nerve, from the lower back and down one leg, however, symptoms can vary widely depending on where the sciatic nerve is affected. Some may experience a mild tingling, a dull ache, or even a burning sensation, typically on one side of the body. Some patients also report a pins-and-needles sensation most often in the toes or foot, and numbness or muscle weakness in the affected leg or foot.

Pain from sciatica often begins slowly, gradually intensifying over time. In addition, the pain can worsen after prolonged sitting, sneezing, coughing, bending, or other sudden movements.

How is sciatica diagnosed?

Your doctor of chiropractic will begin by taking a complete patient history. You’ll be asked to describe your pain and to explain when the pain began, and what activities lessen or intensify the pain. In order to make a diagnosis, the doctor will perform a physical and neurological examination that pays special attention to your spine and legs. You may be asked to perform some basic activities that will test your sensory and muscle strength, as well as your reflexes. In some cases, your doctor may recommend diagnostic imaging, such as X-ray, MRI, or CT scan. 

What are my treatment options?

For most people, sciatica responds very well to chiropractic adjustments combined with core stabilizing exercises. Keeping in mind that sciatica is a symptom, and not a stand-alone medical condition, treatment plans will often vary depending on the underlying cause of the problem. 

Chiropractic care offers a non-surgical, drug-free treatment option with the goal of restoring spinal movement, thereby improving function while decreasing pain and inflammation.