Are Hypoallergenic Pets Really Hypoallergenic?

By Ahmed Butt, MD

Allergy & Asthma Center of Fairfax

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Are Hypoallergenic Pets Really Hypoallergenic?

The prevalence of human allergy to pets has increased over the past several decades, with most individuals being sensitive to cats and dogs. At 62 percent, the United States has the highest percentage of household pets in the world (approximately 78.2 million household dogs and 86.4 million household cats) and the numbers continue to rise. Environmental allergens derived from plants and animals may contribute to a decline in one's health, particularly for those individuals with a diagnosis of asthma, seasonal allergies or eczema. But, the majority of pet owners are willing to keep their beloved pet at the expense of their own health because the majority of them perceive their pet to be a part of the family.

Can Cats and Dogs Affect My Family's Health Or Myself?

Pet dander can be found in hospitals, classrooms, daycare centers, airplanes, automobiles and even in households without pets. Pet allergens are everywhere and are capable of being transferred by everyday items (i.e. clothing, stuffed animals), as well as airborne particles, which may stay in undisturbed air for days. For example, even when cats or dogs are removed from a home, it may take up to six months before the pet allergen levels become sufficiently low so as to not cause “allergic” symptoms.

Direct or indirect exposure to pet dander may sensitize individuals resulting in the progression of “allergic” symptoms, such as itchy and watery eyes, runny nose, sneezing, nasal congestion, cough, shortness of breath or wheezing (a whistling sound typically heard when breathing out). Research studies have shown that sensitized children from households that do not have pets often experience worsening of “allergic” symptoms when placed in classrooms with high levels of pet ownership. For example, one study demonstrated an increase in the use of asthma-related medications due to exposure to cat dander during the first two weeks of school after a holiday break. Children in classrooms with low cat ownership do not display this health problem.

Are “Hypoallergenic” Pets the Solution For Allergic Individuals?

The incidence of upper airway allergies (i.e. itchy and watery eyes, nasal congestion, sinus pressure, a dripping or tickling in the back of the throat) has increased over the past decade with up to 16 percent of the general population being affected. Exposure to pet allergens may increase illnesses (especially in individuals with asthma) by causing or worsening their symptoms with sensitized people being particularly susceptible. Although the most effective way to treat pet allergy is to remove the pet from the home, many pet owners refuse to do so because over 90 percent, including non-pet owners, believe their pet contributes to a more “satisfying lifestyle.”

More recently, an alternative approach being considered by many pet lovers, involves purchasing a “hypoallergenic” animal. Misconceptions have persisted amongst physicians, health care professionals and the general population about pet dander allergy, which makes the marketing of “hypoallergenic” pets a lucrative business. Several U.S.-based companies sell “hypoallergenic” animals and claim to help millions of people with allergies enjoy their household pets without suffering from allergic symptoms, however these pets come with a costly price tag. Some are sold for up to $22,950.

In regards to cats and dogs, allergens may be derived from glands in the mouth or the skin particles (or flakes) that are shed from the animal's skin. Some companies market their “hypoallergenic” pets by claiming they breed only those which produce lower quantities of pet dander. Others state they breed those with “hypoallergenic fur.” Regardless of the proposed rationale behind producing “hypoallergenic” animals, websites of professional organizations including the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, as well as the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, do not support these claims. To date, scientific evidence does not support the concept of “hypoallergenic” pets, therefore the utilization of more established practices in preventing or controlling pet dander allergy should be considered.

How Can I Keep My Family Healthy and Myself?

The good news is that the majority of pet lovers can keep their family pet without suffering from illness under proper medical care. A thorough evaluation by a doctor trained in allergy and immunology may help diagnose the cause of your symptoms. Allergic symptoms (i.e. runny nose, shortness of breath and sinus congestion) may be attributed to various environmental allergens (i.e. pets, trees, grasses, dust mites). Skin testing performed at your local allergist's office to assess environmental sensitivities can be accomplished in a single visit. A proper diagnosis followed by specific therapy tailored to treat the underlying cause of your symptoms may allow you to live a healthier, symptom free life alongside your beloved pet.